INTRODUCTION

International health organizations, are concerned because most contemporary health problems, are associated with our lifestyles, including among these low levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors, which involves improving the implementation of programs aimed at increasing physical activity and nutritional status especially among teenagers and young people, the chance of developing diseases in adulthood (Díaz, Saavedra, & Meza, 2007, pg. 3).


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CONFLICT SITUATION

The ratification of the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, World Health Organization, the World Health Assembly in May 2004, emphasized the fact that physical activity is a major public health problem in both developed countries and developing (CDC EEUU, 2006, pg. 3).

The almost unlimited supply of high energy density foods associated with sedentary lifestyles have led to the creation of an "obesogenic environment", the expansion becomes more evident, so in Ecuador, vital statistics show that four of the ten causes of death are diseases related to nutrition, affecting a significant number of both youth and adolescents (MSP, NORMAS DE NUTRICIÓN para la prevención primaria y control del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niñas,niños y adolescentes, 2011).

Sedentary lifestyle - "defined as the absence of exercise intensity - moderate to high 30 min / day at least 3 times a week" (Díaz, Saavedra, & Meza, 2007, pg. 6) in children and adolescents is worrisome, due to increased levels of development and the possibility of CNCD (Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases) in adult life.

By contrast, the recommendations of international agencies such as WHO (World Health Organization), is aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles both nutritional and physical, they represent by far factors for future prevention and control cardiovascular diseases, until recently, were thought unique to adulthood.

Despite the legal backing to the establishment of the Republic, and several programs to promote physical activity in the community, has not yet been carefully evaluated, and fewer still have reported their experience in the international scientific literature for positive impacts in terms of reduced levels of physical inactivity and obesity in school adolescents, so the incentives promoted by educational units programs would enhance much resolution of this problem (CDC EEUU, 2006, pg. 3).

WHAT ARE CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS?

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS

The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled.

In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 per cent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 per cent), raised blood glucose (6 per cent), physical inactivity (6 per cent) and overweight and obesity (5 per cent).1

Modifiable risk factors:

• Hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Tobacco use
• Raised blood glucose (diabetes)
• Physical inactivity
• Unhealthy diet
• Cholesterol/lipids
• Overweight and obesity

For more information: (http://www.world-heart-federation.org/press/fact-sheets/cardiovascular-disease-risk-factors/)

HOW CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE OCCURS

STATISTICS IN ADOLESCENTS

STATISTICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS

The almost unlimited supply of high energy density foods associated with sedentary lifestyles have led to the creation of an "obesogenic environment", the expansion becomes more evident, so in Ecuador, vital statistics show that four of the ten causes of death are diseases related to nutrition, affecting a significant number of both youth and adolescents (MSP, NUTRITION STANDARDS for primary prevention and management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, 2011)

By contrast, the recommendations of international agencies such as WHO (World Health Organization), is aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles both nutritional and physical, they represent by far factors for future prevention and control cardiovascular diseases, until recently, were thought unique to adulthood.

Despite the legal backing to the establishment of the Republic, and several programs to promote physical activity in the community, has not yet been carefully evaluated, and fewer still have reported their experience in the international scientific literature for positive impacts in terms of reduced levels of physical inactivity and obesity in school adolescents, so the incentives promoted by educational units programs would enhance long resolving this problem (U.S. CDC, 2006, p. 3).

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2008, 36 million (63%) of deaths worldwide are due to (NCDs). As cardiovascular disease is estimated that by 2030 the figure is about 25 million deaths, against 17 ​​million that occurred in 2008. It is that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death for all NCDs, followed by cancer and respiratory diseases. (WHO, 2012, p. 34).

A sedentary lifestyle and excess weight are mentioned in several studies as the direct cause of the epidemiological increase in non-communicable chronic diseases, although interventions to control do not seem to succeed (Diaz Saavedra, & Meza, 2007, p 3.).

In contrast , physical activity reduces the risk of many diseases and chronic conditions , is associated with low mortality and improves functional status and quality of life , hence the recommendation that all people can access a sports physical practice and most especially that children enjoy good experiences related to physical activity and sport as it is in this way that adherence to the sport throughout his entire life ( Haskell , Lee will be promoted , Pate, Powell , Blair, & Franklin , 2007) ( Telama , Yang, Viikari , Välimäki , Wanne , & Raitakari , 2005).

One of the major complications of obesity and sedentary lifestyle during the early life and adolescence is the problem persists into adulthood ( MSP , NUTRITION STANDARDS for primary prevention and management of overweight and obesity in girls, boys and adolescents , 2011, p. 45).

International agencies such as WHO (WHO Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health . 57th World Health Assembly , 2004 ) recommend promoting healthy lifestyles , both physically and food , where the educational institution is by far one of the means to achieve these objectives in young adolescents and strategic areas.

Within the global strategies of diet and physical activity promoted by WHO , the accumulation of thirty minutes of moderate physical activity throughout the day, most days of the week is recommended, with greater intensity if the aim is the weight reduction to normal levels , taking into account that physical activity is a determining energy consumption and weight (WHO Strategy on Diet, physical Activity and Health . 57th World health Assembly factor , 2004 ) .

REFERENCES USED IN THIS BLOG

REFERENCES

·         CDC USA . ( 2006 ) . Manual Assessment of Physical Activity . In C. USA , Manual Assessment of Physical Activity ( p. 3). Atlanta Georgia: CDC.

·         Cedré Santo , M., & Hernánez González , R. (2010). Behavior of oxygen consumption values ​​in patients with ischemic heart disease. Digital Magazine Buenos Aires , 1.

·         Diaz , E., Saavedra , C., & Meza , J. ( 2007 ) . CONTEMPORARY GUIDE EXERCISE AND HEALTH . Chile.

·         Haskell, W. , Lee , I., Pate , R., Powell , K., Blair , S., & Franklin , B. ( 2007 ) . Physical activity and public health : updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 1081-1093 .

·         Hora, L. ( April 23, 2005 ) . Sedentary : disease in adolescents . 2013 Retrieved November 2013 , from National Time:

·         IES Pablo Picasso. ( S.F. ) . IES Pablo Picasso Dpt of Physical Education. Retrieved November 22, 2013 , IES Pablo Picasso Dpt Physical Education : http://www.iespablopicasso.es/educacionfisica/bachillerato/vo2max_y_test_cooper.pdf

·         INEC . ( November 8, 2011 ) . Registration Death INEC 2011 . Retrieved November 8, 2013 , National Institute of Statistics and Censuses : http://www.inec.gob.ec/

·         Maldonado , J. Carranza , C., Ortiz- Gonzalez, M. , Gomez - Alonso , C., & Cortés- Gallegos , N. (2013 ) . Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in college students in the central- west region of the Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico . Mexican Journal of Cardiology .

·         MSP . (2011). Physical Activity Guide for staff health II. Quito Ecuador : MSP .

·         MSP . (2011). NUTRITION STANDARDS for primary prevention and management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Quito Ecuador : MSP .

·         MSP . (2011). NUTRITION STANDARDS for primary prevention and management of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Quito Ecuador : MSP .

·         Ochoa Aviles , A. , Andrade , S., Huynh , T., Verstraeten , R. Lachat , C., Rojas, R., and others. ( 2012 June ) . Prevalence and socioeconomic risk factors of Differences of cardiovascular disease in Ecuadorian adolescents . Pediatric Obesity, 274-83 .

·         WHO . ( 2004 ) . Strategy on diet , physical activity and health. 57 World Health Assembly . Geneva: WHO .

·         WHO . ( 2012). World Health Statistics 2012. In O. M. Health, World Health Organization . Switzerland: WHO.